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CD ROM Paradise Collection 4 1995 Nov.iso
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IS_FILES.EXE
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SOLUTION.ISD
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ETC■■■THE SOLUTIONS CALCULATOR
■0100
│ ƒ6 Solutions Solve for variables of chemical solutions. │
The SOLUTIONS CALCULATOR is a pre-programmed calculator for dealing with
the complex relationships of variables in chemical solutions. The
calculator manipulates 17 solution variables and contains 52 pre-programmed
equations. By permuting the equations and recalculating with one or more
new values you can calculate any needed value to prepare solutions or to
design a solution with specific parameters.
Solvent values can be imported from the Solvent Guide. Solution values can
be calculated for a dilution procedure by exchanging values with the
Dilution Calculator.
Press the up and down arrow keys to select an equation result (the value
you wish to calculate). Use the left and right arrow keys to find the
array of inputs matching your known parameters. The actual equation is
displayed above the list of variables. The shorthand symbols used in the
equation are displayed in the variable list.
To start the "Solutions" chemical solutions calculator function from the
main menu, press "S" or [ƒ6] or select with the highlight bar and press
enter or with your mouse, double-click the menu line.
________________________________________________________________________________
■0805
SOLVING A CHEMICAL SOLUTION EQUATION
When you find the equation which you wish to solve, begin data entry by
pressing [enter]. The first data field prompt will be displayed. Enter
the value in the units indicated; press [enter] to accept each value. To
enter a molecular weight, you can enter a numeric value or, if you wish,
type the chemical formula. ü
The Molecular Calculator is automatically called for formula entry in the
molecular weight fields if you begin entry of a formula instead of entering
a numeric value. α
When all knowns of the equation have been supplied, the equation will be
solved and the answer displayed in the left column.
If you are missing a known value for the equation you wish to solve, solve
first for that variable with another equation then, retaining that value,
re-select your original equation and complete the solution.é
You can redo an equation, retaining current values in any fields and
substituting new values where desired. Press [enter] to restart data
entry. Press [enter] again to accept and retain a current field or type in
a new value.
________________________________________________________________________________
ȟAutomatic Molecular Weight Calculation
If you begin typing a formula, the molecular weight calculator function is
activated. When you complete the formula by pressing [enter], the
molecular weight is calculated and placed in the data field.
________________________________________________________________________________
»αThe Molecular Weight Calculator
≈400 ÷MLWEIGHT.ISD
For more information about the Molecular Weight calculating function, press
Y or click on YES to turn to the section of this guide covering the use of
the Molecular Weight Calculator. Press or click anything else to close
this link.
________________________________________________________________________________
ȎChaining Equations
If you discover that you do not have known values for all variables, click
on the variable you are missing until you find an equation for that
variable that you can solve. Then click on your original unknown to return
to the equation using the newly calculated known value.
________________________________________________________________________________
■0810
SOLUTION CALCULATOR MENU
In spite of the complex relationship between the 52 equations contained in
the Solutions Calculator, it is extremely simple to use.
Select your equation by first finding your unknown variable, then choose
the formula which solves for it, input your knowns and the result is
calculated immediately.
╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ up/down arrows select the result ║ ü Select the desired
║ left/right arrows select knowns ║ é equation.
║ [enter] begin data input ║ â Enter known values.
║ pgup/pgdn permute the equation ║ ä Re-arrange equation.
║ [ins] reveal all current values ║ à See all current data.
║ [del] erase all current values ║ å Start over.
║ [alt∙ƒ5] print report ║ α Print or save.
╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════╝
________________________________________________________________________________
ȟSelect The Results
Using the up and down arrow keys or by clicking on the variable with your
mouse, highlight the unknown for which you wish to solve.
________________________________________________________________________________
ȎSelect Knowns
With the left and right arrow keys, or by clicking on the highlighted
unknown, examine the available equations to find the one for which you can
supply all known values. If you are missing a known value, see the
technique for chaining as explained on the previous page.
________________________________________________________________________________
ȉInput Data
Press [enter] to begin prompting for the known values of an equation. The
values will be prompted in order and when they all have been entered the
equation will be solved. You can repeat the value entry as you wish,
changing values as desired or even permuting to solve for a different
unknown.
________________________________________________________________________________
ȊPermuting An Equation
You can permute an equation, either before or after solving it, by pressing
[PgUp] and [PgDn]. Permute a solved equation, entering alternate values
where desired. The currently selected unknown will be calculated when all
knowns are either accepted or altered.
________________________________________________________________________________
ȈReveal All Values
Existing values are retained when you select a new equation. That a
parameter contains a value is shown by an asterisk in the far right column.
When you accept a new equation and begin data entry, compatible values are
retained. Values incompatible with the new equation relationships are
erased. To reveal the actual value of these carry-overs, press the insert
key.
________________________________________________________________________________
ȌDelete All Values
To erase all current values and begin a new equation with no carry-over
values, press the delete key.
________________________________________________________________________________
»αThe Report Utility
≈1310 ÷IS_INTRO.ISD
To export a report of the calculated solution to a file or printer, press
[@ƒ5]. An input window will open. To learn more about the report
generator, press Y or click on YES to turn to that section. Press any
other key to close this link.
_______________________________________________________________________________
■5805
USING THE SOLUTIONS CALCULATOR
THE SOLUTIONS CALCULATOR SCREEN
The Solutions Calculator screen is divided into an upper and lower section.
The upper section contains instructions and, just above the dividing line,
the current equation formula. The lower section lists the seventeen
parameters of a chemical solution used in the equations which the solutions
calculator solves.
SELECTING THE UNKNOWN
The unknown is the value for which the equation will solve. The solution
parameters are grouped as properties of the solution, the solvent and the
solute. Use the up and down arrow keys to move the unknown selector bar or
click on the desired unknown with your mouse.
~
~> As an example, press the down arrow key until solution density is <
~> selected as the unknown. <
CHOOSING AN EQUATION
After selecting the value for which to solve, choose the equation
consisting of known properties for which you have values by pressing the
left and right arrow keys or clicking on the selected unknown. Some
unknowns have only a single equation available, but most have several.
Click or press until the set of knowns you can supply is highlighted. As
the knowns are highlighted, the equation is displayed just above the
section line. The symbols used in the equation are also shown next to the
selected knowns and unknown.
~
~> To continue our example; press the left or right arrow keys until <
~> solution volume, solute percent and solute mass are selected as the <
~> knowns. <
ENTERING THE KNOWNS
When you have selected a formula, enter the known values. Begin data entry
by pressing [enter] to reveal the first data prompt, or just begin data entry
from the keyboard.
~
~> In our example, you know that the solution volume is 625 ml, the <
~> mass of solute is 453 grams, and by previous calculation you know <
~> that the percent of solute is 60. Begin known data entry by keying <
~> in the value 625 followed by [enter]. At the prompt for the next <
~> two knowns, key in their values. <
SOLVING THE EQUATION
Equations are solved automatically once all knowns have a value. If you
skip the entering of a value, you will return to the first value prompt.
~
~> In our example, once you have entered the values or 625 ml for <
~> volume, 60 percent for solute percent and 453 grams for mass of <
~> solute, the equation is solved for you and the resulting density of <
~> 1.208 is displayed. <
CHAINING FROM ONE EQUATION TO ANOTHER
You can easily use values from one equation in solving another. Both
entered knowns and calculated unknowns as well as calculated intermediate
values are retained until cleared. The variables which currently have
values are noted by an asterisk at the far right edge of the screen. Select
a new equation and begin data entry by pressing [enter]. Existing values
are displayed at the prompt. Use the existing values by pressing enter.
~
~> For our example problem, use the up arrow to select molarity as the <
~> unknown for which to solve, then press the left or right arrow key <
~> until the knowns density, percent solute and solute molecular weight <
~> are selected. Since density and percent solute already contain <
~> values, press [enter] at the prompts to accept them. Enter 180.1577 <
~> as the molecular weight and the molarity value of 4.0231 will be <
~> calculated. <
AUTOMATIC CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS
When the equation calls for the molecular weight of the solute or solvent,
you can automatically link to the molecular weight function. When prompted
for the molecular weight, instead of entering a numeric value, simply enter
the formula of the substance.
~
~> Repeat the previous calculation, but when you get to the molecular <
~> weight prompt, instead of keying in a value or accepting the <
~> existing value, key in the formula C6H12O6. As you begin entering <
~> the molecular formula instead of a numeric value, a window to the <
~> Molecular weight calculator opens and accepts your formula entry. <
~> When you conclude the formula entry, the molecular weight is <
~> calculated and placed in the corresponding entry field. It should <
~> now be obvious that we've been "fudging" with this example! <
RECALCULATING WITH DIFFERENT VALUES
It is easy to recalculate an equation while changing only one or more of
the values. This allows "what if" calculations or corrections to be made
with ease.
~
~> Suppose, for instance, that in the example, the measured density of <
~> our fudge, when ready to eat, turns out to be 1.26. You could <
~> recalculate the molarity by substituting the new value for density <
~> while retaining the other values and determine that the final <
~> molarity of the fudge is 4.1963. <
PERMUTING THE EQUATION
Either before or after calculating the unknown value of an equation or
entering any of the knowns, you can permute the equation. Press [pgup] or
[pgdn] to rearrange an equation into the desired permutation.
REVEALING ALL CURRENT VALUES
During a calculation sequence, as the various equations are solved to
arrive at the selected unknown, various intermediate values are calculated
and stored. An asterisk in the right-most column of the variables window
indicates that their is a value for that variable. Press [ins], the insert
key to reveal all current values.
EXCHANGING DATA WITH THE DILUTIONS CALCULATOR
Solution volume and percent can be exchanged with the dilution calculator.
See the instructions for the dilution calculator for an explanation.
PRINTING OR STORING A REPORT
Use the [alt-ƒ5] report function to send a report of the current equation
and values to a printer port or to a file. If the equation variable have
been supplied with some or all knowns or the unknown has been calculated,
those values will be included in the report. If values are empty, the
report will show blanks in their place, thus a printed report can be used
as an entry form. Jot down values in the lab then return to the calculator
to perform the calculations.
DELETING CURRENT VALUES
To delete all current values and begin a new solutions problem, press
[delete]. All calculated and entered values will be erased, but the
equation selection is unchanged.
________________________________________________________________________________
■0815
SOLUTIONS CALCULATOR VARIABLES
The Solutions Calculator accepts input values or calculates
the values of: ┌─ molarity ü
│ molality é
solution ┤ normality â
│ mass in grams ä
│ density à
└─ volume in ml å
┌─ equivalent weight ç
│ number of equivalents ê
│ percent in solution by weight ë
solute ┤ valence è
│ molecular weight ï
│ mass in grams î
│ moles ì
└─ molar fraction Ä
┌─ molecular weight Å
solvent ┤ mass in grams É
└─ moles æ
______________________________________________________________________________
ȟsolution molarity
number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
Abbreviated in formulas: sln_mlrty
______________________________________________________________________________
Ȏsolution molality
The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Abbreviated in formulas: sln_mllty
______________________________________________________________________________
ȉsolution normality
The number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution.
Abbreviated in formulas: sln_nrmty
______________________________________________________________________________
Ȋsolution mass in grams
The total mass of the solution expressed in grams.
Abbreviated in formulas: sln_grams
______________________________________________________________________________
Ȉsolution density
The solution mass in grams divided by volume in milliliters.
Abbreviated in formulas: sln_denst
______________________________________________________________________________
Ȍsolution volume in ml
The total volume of the solution.
Abbreviated in formulas: sln_volml
______________________________________________________________________________
ȍsolute equivalent weight
The gram molecular mass of solute divided by the number of solute
reaction units.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_eqwgt
______________________________________________________________________________
Ȑsolute number of equivalents
The number of reaction units per solute molecule.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_eqnum
______________________________________________________________________________
ȑ%solute in solution by weight
The percent of solute in solution by weight.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_pccon
______________________________________________________________________________
ȏsolute valence
The number of equivalents per mole of solute.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_valnc
______________________________________________________________________________
ȕsolute molecular weight
The molecular weight of the solute compound.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_molwt
______________________________________________________________________________
Ȕsolute mass in grams
The mass of the solute in solution in grams.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_grams
______________________________________________________________________________
ȓsolute moles
The amount of solute relative to the amount containing the same number
of molecules as in 12 grams of Carbon 12.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_moles
______________________________________________________________________________
Ȁsolute molar fraction
The moles of solute divided by the sum of moles of solute & moles
of solvent.
Abbreviated in formulas: slt_molfr
______________________________________________________________________________
ȁsolvent molecular weight
The molecular weight of the solvent compound.
Abbreviated in formulas: slv_molwt
______________________________________________________________________________
ȃsolvent mass in grams
The mass of the solvent in solution expressed in grams.
Abbreviated in formulas: slv_grams
______________________________________________________________________________
Ⱦsolvent moles
The amount of solvent molecules relative to the molar standard 12
grams of Carbon 12.
Abbreviated in formulas: slv_moles
________________________________________________________________________________
■■